“Modern Monetary Theory or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the National Debt”

Heute Morgen habe ich die Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) diskutiert und mich schwergetan, die MMT als geeignet zu identifizieren, um unsere Probleme zu lösen. Ich sehe sie aber als konsequente Folge des völlig in die Ecke manövrierten Geldsystems, welches vor dem Endspiel steht. Umso besser, dass sich auch andere (klügere) Beobachter des Themas annehmen. So Ben Hunt, den ich schon mehrfach an dieser Stelle diskutiert habe:

Sein Kurzfazit: “Modern Monetary Theory – which is neither modern nor a theory – is a post hoc rationalization of political expediency and power-expanding action. It makes us feel better about all the bad stuff we’ve done with money and debt for the political efficacy of Team Elite.” – bto: schön formuliert. Doch nun zu der detaillierteren Auseinandersetzung:

  • “At its core, Modern Monetary Theory is an argument that would be wonderfully familiar to every sovereign since the invention of debt. It is essentially the argument that significant sovereign debt is a good thing, not a bad thing, and that budget balancing efforts on a national scale do much more harm than good. MMT is the sovereign-friendly justification for deficit spending without end.” – bto: weil es immer positiv ist, mehr Nachfrage zu schaffen. Haben wir auch in dem Interview gesehen.
  • “Historically, this argument has been used by sovereigns to support wars without end. (…) What’s modern about MMT is this: the modern sovereign’s balance sheet cannot be understood solely from a fiscal perspective. The sovereign’s balance sheet includes not only the assets and liabilities of the sovereign’s treasury from tax-and-spend-and-borrow fiscal policy, but also the assets and liabilities of the sovereign’s central bank from money-printing-and-pricing monetary policy. As a result, MMT holds that not only are austerity and budget-balancing policies a bad move, but so are balance sheet-reducing and liquidity-draining policies. MMT is the theoretical justification for QE without end.” – bto: was wiederum nichts anderes ist, als das, was in Japan passiert und auch von Adair Turner begrüßt wird. Allerdings dort mit der Logik der Bereinigung der Vergangenheit, nicht als Blankoscheck für die Zukunft.
  • “MMT is the post hoc justification of both easy fiscal policy and easy monetary policy. As such, it is the new intellectual darling of every political and market Missionary of the Left AND the Right. MMT is the theoretical justification for the economic policies of Trump and his Wall Street fellow travelers alike, who want nothing more than to keep the market punchbowl in place and well-spiked with pure grain ZIRP alcohol forever and ever, amen.” – bto: Es klingt  nach einer recht schmerzfreien Lösung für alle Probleme, die man wirtschaftlich haben könnte. Im Sozialismus hat man auch die Budgetrestriktion aufgehoben. Ergebnis ist bekannt.
  • “(…) with MMT, you CAN have it all. You can pay for wars without end. You can pay for universal single-payer healthcare. You can pay for everyone to go to college. You can pay for a universal basic income. I mean … why not? A caring sovereign’s gotta do what a caring sovereign’s gotta do.

Hunt: “This is how entire economies are turned into zombies. Don’t tell me that the monetization of sovereign debt, explicitly or implicitly, isn’t a bad thing. Because it is. This is how a middle class is destroyed. I can’t stop it and you can’t stop it. But forewarned is forearmed. We can prepare for the storm.” – bto: weil es zu einer Zerrüttung des Geldwesens führen muss.

Auch Zero Hedge griff das Thema auf:

  • “Last autumn Professor Kelton gave a speech at Stony Brook University titled ‘But How Will We Pay for It?’ If you have an hour to spare, this is probably the best introduction to MMT out there. What exactly is MMT? Modern Monetary Theory is a macroeconomic theory that contends that a country that operates with a sovereign currency has a degree of freedom in their fiscal and monetary policy which means government spending is never revenue constrained, but rather only limited by inflation.”  bto: Und die ist in einem deflationären Umfeld weltweiter Überkapazitäten und Überschuldung gering, abgesehen davon, dass man sie manipulieren kann. Doch wie lange? Siehe Venezuela. Denn dort müsste nach dieser Logik die Wirtschaft blühen.
  • governments cannot go bankrupt as long as it doesn’t borrow in another currency” – bto: Das denken aber auch andere Beobachter!
  • “it can issue more dollars through a simple keystroke in the ledger– bto: was allerdings nicht unbedingt stimmt. Denn Notenbanken müssen immer irgendetwas “beleihen”, aber da fällt denen bestimmt was ein.
  • “it can always make all payments”  bto: Klar, wenn man annimmt, dass die Notenbank alles finanziert.
  • “the government can always afford to buy anything for sale” – bto: Es klingt wirklich gut.
  • “the government can always afford to get people jobs and pay wages–bto: wie zu beobachten im Falle des real existierenden Sozialismus.
  • “government only faces two different kinds of limitations; political restraint and full employment (which causes inflation)– bto: also eigentlich nur Vollbeschäftigung.
  • “MMT’ers believe that government’s red ink is someone else’s black ink. Sure, the government owes dollars, but they have a monopoly of creating those dollars, and not only that, the creation of more and more dollars is essential to the functioning of the economy.” – bto: Das ist natürlich eine schöne Überlegung, gerade in Zeiten, in denen die “traditionellen” Ökonomen davon sprechen, dass man sparen solle.
  • “The government can keep spending until they begin to crowd out the private sector and compete for resources.” – bto: Ach, wie ist das schön.”

“Yet isn’t that just Keynes theory? Yeah, trying to wrap my head around the difference between Keynes and MMT took me a while, but I think I got it. Keynesians are still tied to the idea that we are bound by fiscal constraints whereas MMT’ers believe that the only real restraint is inflation.” – bto: Und die ist – wie schon geschrieben – heutzutage schwer zu generieren, also haben die Regierungen viel Potenzial für Helikopter-Geld. Denn nichts anderes ist es letztlich.

Und dann stellt Zero Hedge die entscheidende Frage: “Let’s step back and think about what’s happened in our economy since the Great Financial Crisis and then think about how MMT changes the equation.”

  • “There can be no denying that the grand credit super-cycle has seen more and more debt being piled on to an ever growing mound. In 2007 it looked like we had hit the Minsky moment when no more debt could be balanced on the teetering edifice, and when the final piece of the Jenga puzzle was removed, it started to come tumbling down.” – bto: Das habe ich auch gedacht und so was von falsch gelegen. Deshalb wird das Spiel bis zur Spitze getrieben und da sind wir wieder bei den Helikoptern, die mit MMT auch vorbereitet werden.
  • “At this point private credit had entered into a deflationary self-reinforcing credit destruction loop which would have resulted in a cleansing reset of the entire system. Yet this would have been extremely painful and it soon became clear that the government didn’t have the stomach to live through this sort of reset. So they flooded the system with money through quantitative easing – much to the howls of protest from the economic and Wall Street elite who insisted this would cause inflation.” – bto: Vielleicht hat es auch nur den deflationären Druck gemindert.
  • But much to almost everyone’s surprise, there was almost no inflation – at least little inflation as we generally think about it. There was plenty of financial asset inflation as all that new money pushed down interest rates and caused asset prices to lift, but the average worker saw little benefit from the Fed’s largess.” – bto: Und die Schulden sind weitergewachsen, die Fallhöhe für den nächsten Minsky-Moment wurde erhöht.

Profitiert haben die Vermögensbesitzer. Dies, und weil die Notenbanken und Staaten am Ende sind, wird MMT mehr Gehör verschaffen. Dann dürfte allerdings die Zerrüttung des Geldwertes schneller passieren, als bisher gedacht. Wir wüssten zumindest, auf welche Art und Weise das Anpassen von Schulden und Vermögen auf ein tragbares Niveau passieren würde.

epsilontheory.com: “Modern Monetary Theory or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the National Debt”, 17. Januar 2019

zerohedge.com: “Trader: ‘Modern Monetary Theory Is Coming… Ignoring It Would Be Foolish’”, 31. Januar 2019